Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile and grower rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimal dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratio for juvenile and grower rockfish. Triplicate groups of juvenile (initial mean weight 3.6 g) and duplicate groups of grower (initial mean weight 166 g) were fed the five isonitrogenous (51% CP) and isoenergetic (4.0 kcal g^?1) diets with the different CHO:L ratios (0.4–5.6 g:g) for 8 weeks respectively. The survival of juvenile and grower was above 93% and was not affected by the dietary CHO:L ratios. Weight gain of juvenile fed the diets with CHO:L ratios of 0.8 and 1.6 was significantly higher than that of the fish fed diets with CHO:L ratios of 2.8 and 5.6 (P<0.05). The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of juvenile fed the diet with CHO:L ratio of 5.6 were the lowest among all groups (P<0.05). The daily feed intake of juvenile fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 5.6 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05). The condition factors of juvenile fed the diets with CHO:L ratios of 0.8 and 1.6 were significantly higher than that of 5.6 (P<0.05). The crude lipid content of whole body, liver and viscera of juvenile decreased as the dietary CHO:L ratio increased, and the opposite was found for the moisture content. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of grower were not affected by the dietary CHO:L ratio. Hepatosomatic and viscerasomatic indexes of grower were significantly influenced by dietary CHO:L ratio (P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in the lipid content of whole body and viscera of grower. Dietary CHO:L ratios significantly affected the major fatty acid composition of whole body in both juvenile and grower. The contents of 18:2n‐6 and 18:3n‐3 linearly decreased as the dietary CHO:L ratio increased, whereas the 20:4n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 contents increased. Based on growth, feed efficiency and body composition, the optimal dietary CHO:L ratio was 1.6 for juvenile rockfish fed isonitrogenous (51% CP) and isoenergetic (4.0 kcal g^?1) diets, and starch could partially replace lipids in the diets with CHO:L ratios ranging from 0.4 to 5.6 for grower.     

Responses of cypermethrin-induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

An increasing number of synthetic pyrethroids are used as an environmental friendly substitute of organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides. Pesticide pollution in the coastal ecosystem of Korea is considered to be a cause of slow growth and prevalence of diseases in commercial fishes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fast techniques to detect insecticide toxicities. In the present work the results of rapid and inexpensive laboratory experiments show the patho‐physiological alteration of blood parameters to sublethal concentration of pyrethroid insecticide (cypermethrin) in the commercially important Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Cypermethrin‐exposed fish showed erythropenia, low haematocrit and haemoglobin content and hyperglycemia, especially for long‐term exposure at high concentrations. Cypermethrin caused increased levels of serum glutamic‐acid‐oxylacetic‐acid‐transaminase, glutamic‐acid‐pyruvic‐acid‐transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, concomitant with a decreased concentration of chloride ion and blood serum osmolality, indicating the disruptive activity of cypermethrin after 8 weeks exposure. Moreover, reduced level of serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, lysozyme activity and significantly higher level of glucose, bilirubin and malondialdehyde were measured and attributed to an increased demand for energy by fish under stress to cope with detrimental conditions imposed by chronic exposure to the toxicant.     

不同循环饥饿投喂模式对许氏平鲉生长和体成分的影响

为探究不同循环饥饿投喂模式下许氏平鲉的补偿生长和体成分的变化,分别采用每日投喂(对照组)、饥饿2 d投喂1 d、饥饿2 d投喂2 d、饥饿2 d投喂3 d、饥饿2 d投喂4 d和饥饿2 d投喂5 d的循环饥饿投喂模式,对初始体长(10.25±0.74) cm、体质量(16.77±2.72) g的许氏平鲉幼鱼进行为期67 d的养殖试验。试验结果显示：饥饿2 d投喂5 d试验组的终末体质量、质量增加率、特定生长率均最高,表现为超补偿生长;饥饿2 d投喂4 d组的终末体质量、质量增加率和特定生长率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),表现为完全补偿生长;饥饿2 d投喂1 d、饥饿2 d投喂2 d和饥饿2 d投喂3 d试验组的终末体质量、质量增加率和特定生长率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),表现为不能补偿生长。各组间的饲料效率、肝体指数和肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05),但对照组的脏体指数显著高于循环饥饿投喂组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,循环饥饿投喂组(除饥饿2 d投喂5 d试验组外)的鱼体粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),粗蛋白质和灰分含量各组间差异不显著...     

黑棘鲷仔鱼饥饿实验及不可逆点的确定

在水温18℃~19℃条件下,采用实验生态学方法研究了饥饿对黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)仔鱼存活、生长发育及行为学特征的影响。通过测定仔鱼的初次摄食率和饥饿不可逆点(PNR),确定了初次投喂的最佳时间。结果显示,黑棘鲷仔鱼3日龄开口摄食,4日龄卵黄囊消失,6日龄油球消失,混合营养期仅3 d,属容易遭受饥饿胁迫的鱼类。仔鱼开口时初次摄食率仅为30%,之后迅速提高,至5日龄达到最高的90%,之后逐渐下降,7日龄降至45%,到达PNR。饥饿组仔鱼在6日龄后开始出现生理性萎缩,全长与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),进入PNR后,仔鱼活动能力显著下降,身体出现扭曲、畸形,死亡率急剧升高,至10日龄全部死亡。黑棘鲷仔鱼耐受饥饿能力较弱,建议开始投饵的最适时机为仔鱼开口后的4 d内。     

许氏平鲉的生物学特征及其人工养殖

本文综述了许氏平鲉的生态特征,摄食与生长、繁殖习性等生物学特征。介绍了亲鱼选择、人工培育及病害防治技术。     

不同尺寸网目与缩结系数对许氏平鲉的选择性

为探究不同尺寸网目及缩结系数对许氏平鲉(Sebastesschlegelii)的选择性,本研究基于实验水槽中的套网法试验,测得许氏平鲉的生物学特征参数,采用Logistic模型曲线拟合得到不同尺寸网目及缩结系数对许氏平鲉的选择性曲线,并用极大似然法估算选择性参数。结果表明:网目尺寸为63 mm、82 mm、93 mm时,许氏平鲉的50%选择性体长(L50)分别为18.49 cm、23.90 cm、25.12 cm,选择范围(SR)分别为3.18、3.6、3.85,选择因素(SF)分别为2.93、2.91、2.70,随着网目尺寸的增大,许氏平鲉的L50、SR逐渐增大, SF逐渐减小;当82 mm网目的缩结系数(Et)分别为0.5、0.6、0.707时,许氏平鲉的50%选择性体长(L50)分别为21.47 cm、23.90 cm、22.02 cm,选择范围(SR)分别为3.23、3.6、3.38,选择因素(SF)分别为2.65、2.91、2.68,随着网目缩结系数的增大,许氏平鲉的L50、SR、SF先增大后减小,在Et为0.6时均达到最大。为保护许氏平鲉幼鱼资源,建议在鱼礁区使用网目规格为70 mm, Et为0.6的笼壶渔具进行采捕。     

许氏平鲉幼鱼对饲料中精氨酸需求量的研究

本实验旨在研究饲料中不同精氨酸含量对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)幼鱼生长、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏相关酶活力的影响,以确定其对精氨酸的最适需求量。在基础饲料中添加晶体L-精氨酸配制精氨酸含量分别为1.39%、1.83%、2.34%、2.80%、3.39%和4.08%的6组等氮等脂的实验饲料(D1、D2、D3、D4、D5和D6)。饲喂初始体重为(12.03±0.03) g的许氏平鲉幼鱼56 d。结果显示,随着饲料中精氨酸含量的升高,实验鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均先升高后降低,在D3组达到最高值,显著高于D1、D2、D5和D6组(P<0.05);饲料系数(FCR)先降低后升高,在D3组达到最低值,显著低于D1、D2、D5和D6组(P<0.05);D3组肌肉粗蛋白含量最高且显著高于其他组(P<0.05),肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗灰分和全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分无显著性差异;全鱼和肌肉总必需氨基酸(ΣEAA)和总氨基酸(ΣAA)含量均先升高后降低;血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力先降低后升高,D3组显著小于其他组(P<0.05),一氧化氮(NO)含量先升高后降低,D3和D4组显著高于其他组(P<0.05),尿素氮(BUN)含量先升高后趋于平缓;肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LZM)、总一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活力均先升高后降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量先降低后升高,D2~D4组显著低于D1、D5和D6组(P<0.05)。在本研究条件下,以WGR为评价指标,经一元二次回归分析得出,许氏平鲉幼鱼[(12.03±0.03) g]饲料中精氨酸适宜需求量为2.78% (占5.56%饲料粗蛋白)。     

温度对许氏平鲉性腺分化的影响及其机制

本研究以许氏平鲉为实验对象,设置3组不同温度,即高温组(24℃)、对照组(20℃)和低温组(16℃),利用组织切片技术、酶联免疫法(ELISA)和实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)等技术探究温度对许氏平鲉性腺分化的影响及其潜在机制。结果显示,在40 dpb时,24℃下性腺发育最快,16℃下最慢,24℃、20℃和16℃下雌性率分别为70.0%、42.9%和33.3%。24℃和20℃下,E_2在较高水平持续时间较长,T水平在30～35 dpb时急剧降低,16℃下的E2水平迅速下降,35 dpb时T仍处于较高水平,说明在性腺分化期间,温度较高时,E_2水平较高,T水平较低,性腺偏雌性发育;反之,性腺偏雄性发育。在24℃下,35～40 dpb时的cyp19a1a mRNA的表达显著上调,可能与高温导致性腺分化偏雌性发育有关;在16℃下,30～50 dpb时ERβ2 mRNA的表达显著下调,说明ERβ2的表达被抑制可能与性腺偏雄性发育有关;24℃和20℃下,foxl2 mRNA的表达在25～35 dpb时处于较高水平,而低温组在30 dpb时表达水平开始上升,说明foxl2在性腺分化早期的高表达水平可能与卵巢分化的速率有关;在30～50 dpb,sox3、sox9和dmrt1的表达水平变化总趋势基本一致,说明三者之间的表达有一定的联系,可能与精巢的分化速率有关。